SOLUTION TO UNABATING INCREASE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND INEFFICIENT HANDLING OF RESOURCES. TREND IN MINITURIZATION AND PORTABILITY OF COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION DEVICES. THESE ENERGY DEMANDING APPLICATIONS REQUIRE SMALL, LIGHT POWER SOURCES THAT ARE ABLE TO SUSTAIN OPERATION OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME, PARTICULARLY IN REMOTE LOCATIONS SUCH AS SPACE AND EXPLORATION.
INCREASING NUMBER OF INPLANTABLE ELECTRICALLY-OPERATED DEVICES (e.g. pacemakers). THESE ITEMS NEED POWER SUPPLIES THAT WILL OPERATE FOR AN EXTREMELY LONG TIME. IDEALLY, THESE DEVICES WOULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE NATURAL FUEL FOUND IN THE BODY, THUS WOULD CONTINUE TO DRAW POWER AS LONG AS THE PATIENT LIVES.